Gandaki 4th इन्जिनियर, सिभिल चौथो असिस्टेन्ट सव इन्जिनीयर |Syllabus

Nepal Road Standard 2070 || NRS-2070

The minimum vertical clearance inside the tunnel should be

 

1. The minimum vertical clearance inside the tunnel should be

A.4.75m

B.05m right

C.06m

D.2.5m

डेटा शुल्क १५ दिनदेखि २० प्रतिसत घटाउने गिर्हकरेमा नेपाल टेलिकम

 

 

 

नेपाल टेलिकमले डेटाको शुल्क १५ देखि २० प्रतिशतसम्म घटाउने गरी आन्तरिक गृहकार्य थालेको छ । नेपाल दूरसञ्चार प्राधिकरणसँगको सहकार्यमा बी.टी. इन्टरनेशनलले शुक्रवार आयोजना गरेको ‘नेपालमा डेटा/इन्टरनेट शुल्क न्यूनीकरणका अवरोध’ विषयक अन्तर्क्रिया कार्यक्रममा बोल्दै नेपाल टेलिकमकी प्रमुख व्यावसायिक अधिकृत तथा नायब प्रबन्ध निर्देशक सङ्गीता पहाडीले यस्तो जानकारी दिएकी हुन् ।

 

 

उनले पछिल्लो दुई वर्षमा टेलिकमले डेटाको मूल्य ७५ प्रतिशतले घटाएको टिप्पणी गरिन् । ‘ब्यान्डविथको मूल्य नै महँगो पर्ने भएकाले टेलिकमको फिक्स इन्टरनेट अन्यको तुलनामा महँगो भएको हो,’ उनले भनिन्, ‘टेलिकमको कूल आयको २५ प्रतिशत हिस्सा नवीकरण शुल्कमा खर्च हुन्छ ।’ उनले टेलिकम सेवा प्रदायकले फ्रिक्वेन्सी शुल्क समेत महँगो तिर्नुपरेको टिप्पणी गरिन् ।

Contour in Surveying

 Contour 

An imaginary line, on the ground, joining the point of equal elevation above the assumed datum, is called contour.

            

Contour interval

·       The vertical distance between two consecutive contours is known as contour interval.

·       Number of contour line are more in hill as compared to the plains or same contour interval.

·       It depends upon SANAPA

·       Where, S= scale of map, A= Availability of time and fund, N= Nature of ground, E= extend of survey, P= purpose of map and A= amount of permissible error.

·       Contour interval= 20/No of centimeter per km

                            = 50/No of inches per mile

Contour gradient

·       The imaginary line lying throughout on the surface of the earth and preserving a constant inclination to the horizontal.

·       It is either rising gradient or falling gradient.

Horizontal Equivalent

·        The minimum horizontal distance between two consecutive contours.

·        Numerical value of horizontal equivalent in hill is less as compared to the plains.

Interpolation of contours

·        Process of drawing contours proportionately between the plotted ground point or between plotted contours.

Method of contouring

1.     Direct method

2.     Indirect method

1. Direct method:-

·        The contour to be plotted is actually traced on the ground only those point are surveyed which happened to be plotted.

·        This method is slow and tedious.

·        It is generally used for small area and where great accuracy is required.

2. Indirect Method:-

This have three type

1.      By squire :- for low undulating area

2.      By cross section: for road cannel, railway e t c

3.      By tachometric: for high undulating area.

 

 

Uses of contour

·       Drawing of the section

·       Selection and location  of  road

·       Determination of inter-visibility between two points.

·       Measurement of catchment area.

·       Calculation of reservoir capacity.

Civil sub Engineer 5th level model paper