🔹 Irrigation Canal Fall (Canal Drop)
Definition:
An irrigation canal fall (also called a canal drop structure) is a hydraulic structure constructed across a canal to lower the water level when the natural ground slope is steeper than the canal bed slope.
🔹 Purpose of Canal Fall
- To maintain the designed bed slope of the canal
- To reduce excess velocity of flowing water
- To prevent erosion and scouring of canal bed and banks
- To safely dissipate excess energy of water
- To ensure smooth and controlled water flow
🔹 Types of Canal Falls
- Ogee Fall – Curved crest, smooth flow
- Rapid Fall – Steep sloping glacis provided
- Stepped Fall – Series of steps to reduce energy gradually
- Vertical Drop (Sarda Fall) – Sudden vertical drop
- Notch Fall – Uses notches to control discharge
🔹 Components of a Canal Fall
- Crest (top over which water flows)
- Upstream and downstream floor
- Glacis (sloping surface)
- Energy dissipation arrangement (stilling basin, baffle wall)
- Side walls and wing walls
🔹 Advantages
- Prevents damage due to high velocity
- Increases stability of canal
- Controls water level effectively
🔹 Disadvantages
- High construction cost
- Requires proper design and maintenance
🔹 Simple Exam Line
👉 A canal fall is a structure built in a canal to safely lower the water level and dissipate excess energy when ground slope is steep.
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